Perceptions on Pregnancy Critical Thinking

Many view pregnant women as special people who require special attention and who are always in need of assistance. It is common for people to give way for pregnant women to pass, help carry their groceries to the car and other helpful gestures. However, this also depends on age. In some cultures, young unmarried expectant ladies might be treated with contempt and avoided by some. According to Crawford, the reaction to pregnancy can be viwed in terms of benevolent and hostile sexism (Crawford, 2001, P. 277). The woman can either be pampered and be treated as special in the case of benevolent sexism, or, the woman can be discriminated against, like when making job applications. These reactions might contribute greatly to a woman’s emotonal responses to pregnancy. The benevolent sexists might make a pregnant woman feel overwhelmed with the new status due to the expectations ‘placed’ on her. This special treatment might make the whole journey of childbirth seem bigger and more important, putting the woman at a loss and making her feel incapable of fullfilling this ‘huge’ responsibility. The hostile sexists might make women feel fulnerable due to their condition. The woman might fear attempting things that would expose her to such an embarrassment. Crawford states that these two reactions sustain social inequality and exposes the women to ‘an extra dose of sexuality’ since their condition is evident (P. 277). The media representation of motherhood has been that of the able woman who can handle her pregnancy, childbirth and child-rearing with ease, respect and a certain decorum that almost every other society expects of the pregnant woman. Crawford explains that the media representation of a mother as a superwoman, subtle in her ways, and with no sexual expression is false (p. 275). She further states that the Madona image of a mother who is successful in everyhting and balances career with being a wife and a mother; is not practical and put a lot of pressure on women. When a woman is expectant, at some point they have to take time of work to have the baby and nurse. This affects her career as she has a lot of catching up to do once she resumes. Some women also choose to quit work and become stay-at-home mothers. Crawford explains that the impact on career is dependent on the mother’s social class. Middle class women mostly quit their jobs and rare their children while the low class women are forced to get jobs to be able to provide for their families (p. 278). References Crawford, M. 2011. Transformations: Women, Gender, and Psychology. MCGraw Hill.

Disruption Of The Airline Industry - 1226 Words

Disruption in the Airline Industry Prepared by: Mark Lanz City University of Seattle, IS-330, winter 2016/2017 Abstract Keywords: hypothesis Disruption in the Airline Industry Conceptual air carrier, Poppi, provides the framework for an analysis that will be discussed throughout this paper in regards to disruptive technologies and their effect on the airline industry. Baltzan (2015, p. 231) observes that disruptive technologies are â€Å"a new way of doing things that initially does not meet the needs of existing customer.† Shu (2015) offers the airline industry is continually trying to reinvent itself to attract attention and increase revenue. However, the stress and headaches experienced by most†¦show more content†¦Similar to Uber and Airbnb, Teague’s concept would absolutely offer disruption to the status quo of air travel (Shu, 2015). The conceptual air carrier is called Poppi and they have analyzed the stress experienced by travelers and other industry shortcomings to focus on the needs of the passenger while ignoring established industry practices. Would these radical ideas offered by Poppi c reate a wake-up call for the airline industry, and particularly legacy carriers? Professor Taneja explains that most airlines acknowledge the importance of disruptive innovation, however, their degree of reaction varies greatly from one carrier to another (Accenture, 2017). He also notes the industry is divided in their reaction to disruption with some continuing business as usual and others completely overhauling how they do business altogether. Strategies for transformation in dealing with each carrier’s workforce, processes, and legacy systems requires the right mindset and leveraging emerging technologies. Poppi attempts to addresses these issues while focusing on what bothers air travelers most and changing the mindsets of major carriers to envision the future of air travel. Wilson (2015) reports Devin Liddell, Teague’s principle brand strategist, would eliminate carry-on luggage and reduce the size of overhead bins to only accommodate personal items such as compu ter bags and jackets. Teague conducted boarding simulationsShow MoreRelatedRailway Labor Act And Impact On Modern Day Airlines1564 Words   |  7 PagesRailway Labor Act and Impact on Modern Day Airlines For decades, the railroad industry was in a period of great economic political, and industrial changes in the United States. The industrial boom was taking its toll on the United States, and the widespread violent work stoppages were detrimental to the railroad industry due to tensions escalating between unions and workers. President Calvin Coolidge was strongly vocal about the issue and urged railroads and unions to recommend legislation to improveRead MoreExternal Factor Airline Industry833 Words   |  4 PagesExternal Factors: Oportunities * Acquisitions * Asset leverage * Financial markets (raise money through debt, etc) * Emerging markets and expansion abroad * Innovation * Online * Product and services expansion * Membership of any airline alliance will help to increase reach via code share agreements * Leverage on association with coffee company like Starbucks to provide onboard coffee by creating awareness in all coffee outlets * International flights and global expansion * PotentialRead MoreExternal Analysis PESTL Analysis1224 Words   |  5 Pagesmodel. Thereafter, an analysis of the industry and competitive environment of AirAsia will assist in identifying the main oppurtunities and threats. 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This paper explores how different regulations affected Delta Airlines throughout its existence, and how theRead MoreA Report On The Airline Industry1218 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The first scheduled commercial airline flight lasted only 23 minutes and had one passenger who paid $400 on January 1, 1914 according to www.ibtimes.com. The webpage goes on to say that on January 1, 2014, an estimated 8 million people flew on nearly 10,000 flights. This illustrates how far along the airline industry has come. We also now fly cargo by itself further proving how far the airline industry has come. The airline industry operates in various countries all over the world, andRead More Airline Industry After September 11th Essay618 Words   |  3 Pageschanges in our country. Although there were many after effects of the September 11th attacks, the airline industry was most impaired. This paper will explain two factors related to the airline industry that were most affected, the American people and the economy. People had many different reactions to the attacks on September 11th. Some people became more fearful and scared to fly. The airline industry was affected because people were canceling their flights. â€Å"Immediately after the attacks, domesticRead MoreThe Deregulation Of The Airline Industry1037 Words   |  5 Pagesall commercial airlines under the Railway Labor Act. Since then, there was a period of 42 years under economic regulation where the government oversaw labor relations. Since deregulation, the goals of collective bargaining have not changed much, nor have the objectives of management and labor unions. (Wensveen, 2011, p. 422) The deregulation of the airline industry may have been a win for passengers, but most likely not a win for labor groups. Prior to deregulation the airline industry was highly unionized

Placebo and Nocebo free essay sample

In Helen Pilcher’s article, â€Å"The New Witch Doctors: How Belief Can Kill,† she discusses the ethical dilemmas of the power of patients’ beliefs in the nocebo and placebo effects. The power of belief is so strong it can either make the patient feel better or become even sicker. This causes a problem for doctors because no matter how they state the truth it always ends up becoming a problem in the end. A placebo is a dummy pill that can produce a very real response in the patient. This effect convinces people that they will feel better when in reality they did not take any medication. The expectations of the patient play an important role in the placebo effect; the more a person expects the treatment to work, the more likely he or she is to feel better. For example, a patient participates in a study to determine the effectiveness of a new headache drug. We will write a custom essay sample on Placebo and Nocebo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After taking the drug, she finds that her headache quickly disappears and she feels much better. However, she later learns that she was in the placebo group and that the drug she was given was just a sugar pill. This patient was highly motivated by her belief that this treatment would actual work. Even though the placebo effect is just a dummy pill it can cause problems with the patient who is undergoing the treatment. Pilcher states, â€Å" Placebos cannot produce miracles, but they do produce measurable physical effects,† (page 2). Once a patient believes that the pill may or may not work they start experiencing the sides effects to this dummy pill. This can make the paitent become again knowing the treatment was not working. Therefore, the placebo effect depends on the person and how they react to medication. For instance, an optimistic patient is to more likely believe that these pills may work because that is what the physician told him. Pilcher states, â€Å"Women tend to operate more on past experiences† (page 4). Women tend to react as others react; if others around them are sick women tend to catch that cold. However, whereas the placebo effect causes patients to feel better with no medication, with the nocebo effect, patients believe medication can hurt them, so they feel worse after taking a pill. The nocebo effect is the  phenomenon in which inert substances actually bring about negative effects in a patient. For some, when a doctor informs a patient about a pill or procedure’s potential side effects, it can bring about real life symptoms. Moreover, if a doctor tells a patient that he only has five years to live, that patient is prone to have that negative thought in his mind. Pilcher quotes Guy Montgomery saying, â€Å"It can happen days before, or on the journey on the way in†(page 4). This negative mind set is making the patient become even more ill then he originally is. This suggests that because the power of belief, if the patient thinks he is truly going to die in five years, he will. Furthermore, doctors have much bigger power over their patients because their patients trust their medical expertise. Many people believe that if something can hurt you, it will. Helen Pilcher quotes Meador in her article saying, â€Å"Bad news promotes bad physiology† (page 5). This all depends on how much information doctor’s relay to their patients, as well as how they present that information. However, there are also solutions that are able to make the nocebo effect not as problematic. The first solution is hypnosis, which decreases patients’ anxiety and stress. When a patient is told how much longer they have to live, the patient now has to live with heightened anxiety and stress, causing them to lose the motivation to become better. Another solution that can solve the stress of the nocebo effect is doctors choosing their words carefully. In Pilcher’s article, Montgomery states, â€Å"Its all about how you say it† (Page 3). Doctors should know how to tell a patient what may happen or what side effects may occur more calmly then abruptly. When a doctor is going to approach the patient who only has five more years to live, that patient would want his doctor to be sympathetic about his situation. Because some patients may suffer side effects when doctors tell them they will, it is the doctor’s fault if they feel ill. However, doctors should still tell patients the truth in a way that keeps up the patients’ motivation, and minimizes their anxiety and stress levels. This allows people to be in the know about their health, without planting ideas in their head that will make them feel worse.

Sam Adams Biography free essay sample

The second part of the paper will describe retain aspects of Samuel Adams life as read in chapters 2 and 3 of the biography entitled Samuel Adams; Father of the American Revolution by Mark pull. Samuel Adams was born on September 27, 1722 in Boston, Massachusetts. He grew up in a strong, moral and intellectual family who had a Strong belief in the church and valued education above all else. Interest in politics ran in the Adams family as well. His father, Deacon Samuel Adams was the founder of Bosons Caucus Club, which was made up of working class people who would meet to discuss political views.As a child growing up listening to these tenting, Samuel Adams had showed interest in the government. Because the family was very religious as well, it was expected of Sam to one day become a minister. Spending his childhood devoted to religion and the church, he believed that he would turn out to be one as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Sam Adams Biography or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (AY, AY) At the age of fourteen, Sam Adams enrolled in Harvard University. There he studied Hebrew, Latin, and Greek, philosophy, science, writing and public speaking. He seemed to enjoy writing and philosophy the most. John Locke was his favorite philosopher and he took much interest in his writings.Locke leveled that the government did not have the right to tax people without the consent of the people through their elected representatives. Whenever the power that is put in any hands for the government of the people, and the protection of our properties, is applied to other ends, and made use of to impoverish, harass or subdue them to the arbitrary and irregular commands of those that have it; there it presently becomes tyranny, whether those that thus use it are one or many. (Locke, Second Treatise, Chapter 18) Adams studied these ideas nonstop, ultimately influencing and shaping his political sews. AY) Samuel Adams was different from other scholars, he was not interested in power, business or materialistic things. He took interest in the Civil liberties of his fellow men. At the age of the seventeen, Adams graduated from Harvard university. However he decided to continue with school to earn his masters degree, which he received in 1743. While in graduate school, Dams father decided to start a Land Bank. Since this was during time of the Currency Act, he tried to issue paper currency as a plan to help the struggling colonists. However, not everyone agreed with this. The upper class of Boston requested the British Parliament took action. The bank resulted in being shut down, leaving the Adams in poor economic condition. Worried for his family, Sam Adams wanted to drop out of school so he could help them out. His family wouldnt hear of it, so instead he starting working throughout college. Adams disagreed with Parliaments decision entirely and thought the British had violated the rights of a man to retain his own property. Although he was brought up to be a minister, he found his calling in politics and civil liberties.At the beginning of his political career, Sam Adams became a tax collector in Boston for a number of years. He soon became a member of the CaUCUS Club and was elected to the Massachusetts assembly the Great and General Court. Adams helped control local elections and participated in the town meetings. He was active in many of other organizations among Boston as well, such as the Loyal Nine, the North End Caucus and the Sons of Liberty. With his great involvement in politics, Sam Adams soon came to realize that Parliaments rule and power over the colonies was unfair. AY , El) After the costly Seven Years War, Britain was in a great amount of debt. In order to help pay it off, the government decided to have the colonists be Of assistance. In 1 764, Prime Minister George Greenville passed the first revenue on the colonists, the Sugar Act. Not many colonists thought twice over the new tax. Sam Adams was in shock that no one found this an issue. He considered the Sugar Act a violation of self-government and that the colonists could not allow Parliament to keep taxing them.Adams believed this would lead to more taxes, more royal officials, dependence of Britain, and eventually loud take away the colonists freedom of self-government. As a dedicated federalist, he knew the alliance between Britain and the colonies must be broken. (Pull, Chapter 2) In a way to try to put a stop to the Sugar Act, Adams attempted to strategies a boycott Of English goods. By not buying anymore Of the goods and canceling orders, it was hoped that the British merchants would complain to the government and request a repeal of the act. Adams believed that this was a civil rights matter and the colonists right to self-government was being violated. He tried to unite the colonies and enlighten them of the idea that taxation was just a means of eliminating colonial rights. However, the colonists thought there werent anything wrong with the tax and did not believe they had the ability to rebel against Britain. Therefore, the majority of colonists did not participate in the boycott and continued to pay the tax. Adams kept trying to persuade the colonists, knowing that excess taxation would lead to a submissive nation to England.The governor of Massachusetts however denied the right to assemble, so the attempt to stop the new tax was a failure. Pull, Chapter 2) Because the protests over the Sugar Act were dismissed, a year later another new tax was being planned. Parliament, still in need of more money, proposed the Stamp Act. This was a tax on all paper and printed goods sold within the colonies. With the colonists in uproar, Sam Adams became a convincing voice that their liberties were being taken away and that the boycott he had originally planned for the Sugar Act should be reinstated and reinforced. Little by little, the colonists began to realize he was right.As another attempt to try to put a stop to these unreasonable taxes, Adams wrote up a statement of colonial rights as well as a petition to King George Ill. The Sons of Liberty, a secret Whig society, as well as other revolutionists began to take up the cause with Sam Adams. They tried once again to assemble the thirteen colonies for a unified resistance. This time it was a success regardless of the governors efforts. (Pull, Chapter 3) Many protests had taken place throughout Boston by the angered colonists. Sam Adams was not happy about this though, he wanted to protest in a non- violent and peaceful matter.The Stamp Act congress had been put in order y the united colonists, which was the first organized petition to the King of England. They argued that taxation without representation violated the civil rights of all British subjects. Sam Adams once said, When the colonies saw the common danger, they at the same time saw their mutual dependence, and mutually called in the assistance of each other (Pull, 57). The issues over the taxes had finally been addressed, and It had been acknowledged that the Stamp Act was not enforceable in Massachusetts. The legislature was to reopen the sessions, arguing that Parliament would be unwilling to repeal the ax while colonists denied it authority over America. (Pull, Chapters 2-3) Dams name became more and more well-known and respected among the colonies. His writings and ideas of independence and colonial rights were encouraging and influential to the colonists. They never would have thought that breaking free from Englands rule would be as possible as it was now. No matter what Parliament tried to throw at them, the colonists remained united and followed revolutionist, Sam Adams.Adams made instructions and strategies for every scenario, such as the Townsend Acts. He was a major nutrition and influence in the Boston Tea Party, and had a major role in the recovery of the Boston Massacre. They were getting closer and closer to freedom and they would do whatever possible to reach it. (Pull Chapter 3, El) By changing the colonists views and confidence of freedom, Adam had accomplished what he had longed for. The Revolution had begun, and the colonists were no longer dependent on Britain. After many battles and moralities, America had finally won their independence.

Five Myths About Multiracial People in the U.S.

Five Myths About Multiracial People in the U.S. When Barack Obama set his sights on the presidency, newspapers suddenly began devoting a lot more ink to the multiracial identity. Media outlets from Time Magazine and the New York Times to the British-based Guardian and BBC News pondered the significance of Obama’s mixed heritage. His mother was a white Kansan and his father a black Kenyan. Mixed-race people continue to make news headlines, thanks to the U.S. Census Bureau’s finding that the country’s multiracial population is exploding. But just because mixed-race people are in the spotlight doesn’t mean that the myths about them have vanished. What are the most common misconceptions about multiracial identity? This list both names and dispels them. Multiracial People Are Novelties What’s the fastest-growing group of young people? According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the answer is multiracial youths. Today, the United States includes more than 4.2 million children identified as multiracial. That’s a jump of nearly 50 percent since the 2000 census. And among the total U.S. population, the number of people identifying as multiracial spiked by 32 percent, or 9 million. In the face of such groundbreaking statistics, it’s easy to conclude that multiracial people are a new phenomenon now rapidly growing in rank. The truth is, however, that multiracial people have been a part of the country’s fabric for centuries. Consider anthropologist Audrey Smedley’s finding that the first child of mixed Afro-European ancestry was born in the U.S. eons ago- way back in 1620. There’s also the fact that historical figures from Crispus Attucks to Jean Baptiste Pointe DuSable to Frederick Douglass were all mixed-race. A major reason why it appears that the multiracial population has soared is that for years and years, Americans weren’t allowed to identify as more than one race on federal documents such as the census. Specifically, any American with a fraction of African ancestry was deemed black due to the â€Å"one-drop rule.† This rule proved particularly beneficial to slave owners, who routinely fathered children with slave women. Their mixed-race offspring would be considered black, not white, which served to increase the highly profitable slave population. The year 2000 marked the first time in ages that multiracial individuals could identify as such on the census. By that point in time, though, much of the multiracial population had grown accustomed to identifying as just one race. So, it’s uncertain if the number of multiracials is actually soaring or if ten years after they were first permitted to identify as mixed-race, Americans are finally acknowledging their diverse ancestry. Only Brainwashed Multiracials Identify as Black A year after President Obama identified himself as solely black on the 2010 census, he’s still garnering criticism. Most recently, Los Angeles Times columnist Gregory Rodriguez wrote that when Obama marked only black on the census form, â€Å"he missed an opportunity to articulate a more nuanced racial vision for the increasingly diverse country he heads.† Rodriguez added that historically Americans haven’t publicly acknowledged their multiracial heritage due to social pressures, taboos against miscegenation and the one-drop rule. But there’s no evidence that Obama identified as he did on the census for any of those reasons. In his memoir, Dreams From My Father, Obama remarks that the mixed people he’s encountered who insist on the multiracial label concern him because they often seem to make a concerted effort to distance themselves from other blacks. Other mixed-race people such as the author Danzy Senna or the artist Adrian Piper say that they choose to identify as black because of their political ideologies, which include standing in solidarity with the largely oppressed African-American community. Piper writes in her essay â€Å"Passing for White, Passing for Black†: â€Å"What joins me to other blacks†¦is not a set of shared physical characteristics, for there is none that all blacks share. Rather, it is the shared experience of being visually or cognitively identified as black by a white racist society, and the punitive and damaging effects of that identification.† People Who Identify as â€Å"Mixed† Are Sellouts Before Tiger Woods became a tabloid fixture, thanks to a string of infidelities with a slew of blondes, the most controversy he sparked involved his racial identity. In 1997, during an appearance on â€Å"The Oprah Winfrey Show,† Woods declared that he did not view himself as black but as â€Å"Cablinasian.† The term Woods coined to describe himself stands for each of the ethnic groups that make up his racial heritage- Caucasian, black, Indian (as in Native American) and Asian. After Woods made this declaration, members of the black community were livid. Colin Powell, for one, weighed in on the controversy by remarking, â€Å"In America, which I love from the depths of my heart and soul, when you look like me, you’re black.† After his â€Å"Cablinasian† remark, Woods was largely seen as a race-traitor, or at the very least, someone aiming to distance himself from blackness. The fact that none of Woods’ long line of mistresses was a woman of color only added to this perception. But many who identify as mixed-race don’t do so to reject their heritage. On the contrary, Laura Wood, a biracial student at the University of Maryland told the New York Times: â€Å"I think it’s really important to acknowledge who you are and everything that makes you that. If someone tries to call me black, I say, ‘yes - and white.’ People have the right not to acknowledge everything, but don’t do it because society tells you that you can’t.† Mixed People Are Raceless In the popular discourse, multiracial people are oft characterized as if they’re raceless. For example, the headlines of news articles about President Obama’s mixed-race heritage often ask, â€Å"Is Obama Biracial or Black?† It’s as if some people believe that the different racial groups in one’s heritage cancel each other out like positive and negative figures in a math equation. The question shouldnt be whether Obamas black or biracial. He’s both- black and white. Explained the black-Jewish writer Rebecca Walker: â€Å"Of course Obama is black. And he’s not black, too. He’s white, and he’s not white, too. ... He’s a lot of things, and neither of them necessarily exclude the other.† Race-Mixing Will End Racism Some people are positively thrilled that the number of mixed-race Americans appears to be soaring. These individuals even have the idealistic notion that race-mixing will lead to bigotry’s end. But these people ignore the obvious: ethnic groups in the U.S. have been mixing for centuries, yet racism hasn’t vanished. Racism even remains a factor in a country such as Brazil, where a wide swath of the population identifies as mixed-race. There, discrimination based on skin color, hair texture, and facial features is endemic- with the most European-looking Brazilians emerging as the country’s most privileged. This goes to show that miscegenation isn’t the cure for racism. Instead, racism will only be remedied when an ideological shift occurs in which people aren’t valued based on what they look like but on what they have to offer as human beings.

Free Essays on Glacial Erosion

Describe and explain the location and variety of features of glacial erosion? (20 marks) Glacial erosion has a massive impact on the landscape and can take thousands of metres off the landscape. There are a number of ways that the landscape can be eroded that form a number of varied features. These features are formed in different areas depending on the feature, as features can only be formed in certain areas. The first landform that I’m going to discuss is a corrie. These are an armchair-shaped basin with a steep back wall and a rock basin. They are formed by a number of processes, nivation is considered to be one of the main initiators of corries. This happens when snow accumulates in hollows and freeze-thaw action beneath the snow causes the underlying rocks to disintegrate, any debris is carried out by summer meltwater streams. The snow patch would grow and the layers would become compressed to form ice. After this plucking is responsible for the steepening of the back wall and rotational movement enables abrasion for the deepening of the corrie basin. Corries locate up the side of mountains and have a very clear dominant orientation. The majority of corries will face north (in the northern hemisphere) this is because this side of the mountain will receive the least insolation so glacial processes will be very active e.g. freeze-thaw weathering. Other factors also have an affec t on the location of corries as corries can still face south but they have to locate further up the mountain to form as it will not be cold enough for glacial processes to take place lower down the mountain side. Corries do not often face towards the sea either as, although still cold they get the warmer winds so were not as likely to have a corrie forming. Corries are also likely to from at higher altitudes as it will be colder. Another feature of glacial erosion is an arà ªte this is formed from a two adjacent corries back walls eroding towards e... Free Essays on Glacial Erosion Free Essays on Glacial Erosion Describe and explain the location and variety of features of glacial erosion? (20 marks) Glacial erosion has a massive impact on the landscape and can take thousands of metres off the landscape. There are a number of ways that the landscape can be eroded that form a number of varied features. These features are formed in different areas depending on the feature, as features can only be formed in certain areas. The first landform that I’m going to discuss is a corrie. These are an armchair-shaped basin with a steep back wall and a rock basin. They are formed by a number of processes, nivation is considered to be one of the main initiators of corries. This happens when snow accumulates in hollows and freeze-thaw action beneath the snow causes the underlying rocks to disintegrate, any debris is carried out by summer meltwater streams. The snow patch would grow and the layers would become compressed to form ice. After this plucking is responsible for the steepening of the back wall and rotational movement enables abrasion for the deepening of the corrie basin. Corries locate up the side of mountains and have a very clear dominant orientation. The majority of corries will face north (in the northern hemisphere) this is because this side of the mountain will receive the least insolation so glacial processes will be very active e.g. freeze-thaw weathering. Other factors also have an affec t on the location of corries as corries can still face south but they have to locate further up the mountain to form as it will not be cold enough for glacial processes to take place lower down the mountain side. Corries do not often face towards the sea either as, although still cold they get the warmer winds so were not as likely to have a corrie forming. Corries are also likely to from at higher altitudes as it will be colder. Another feature of glacial erosion is an arà ªte this is formed from a two adjacent corries back walls eroding towards e...

Wal-Mart v. Dukes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wal-Mart v. Dukes - Research Paper Example The case passed through the district court, ninth Circuit, ninth Circuit en banc and finally to the US Supreme Court in which the Supreme Court reversed the decision of the ninth Circuit en banc on numerous grounds which attracts vehement support on my part. 1. Arguments in favor of the Supreme Court decision There are numerous reasons for the correctness of the decision of the Supreme Court, which may be found on the judgment itself as passed by the Supreme Court, and summed up as follows: I) There must be a common mode of exercising discretion which should be present throughout the company and the respondents in this case were unable to show it. It was unbelievable to conclude by the justices that all the managers would exercise discretion in a common way without any common direction. (Wal Mart 15-16). II) The statistical evidence which was provided by the respondents was insufficient to prove their theory on a class wide basis even if it is taken that they were correct prima facie (Wal Mart 16). III) As per Rule 23(a) (2), it was to find out whether even a single common question existed between the class in order to determine commonality for a class action and found by the court that as the respondents could not provide any convincing evidence to show that a companywide discriminatory and promotion policy existed, the existence of any common question is not established (Wal Mart 19). IV) The respondents also provided anecdotal evidence in support. Respondents submitted about 120 affidavits, which is equivalent to 1 for every 12,500 members in this case. Half of the reports are concentrated only on six states and half of all the States have only one or two cases of sexual discrimination. 14 States have no anecdotes. Even if all the accounts are taken to be true it does not show that the whole company operates under a common policy of discrimination (Wal Mart 18). V) If the plea for monetary relief of the respondent under Rule 23 (b)(2) Civil Procedure is take n into consideration ,it was not correct as Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23(b)(2) is for injunctive or declaratory relief and not for monetary relief (Wal Mart 20). VI) Commonality requires more than an alleged common violation of the same law (Hyman). The mere claim that they have suffered a Title VII injury won’t be enough to give rise to class action; they must have some common contention in addition (Wal Mart 9). As such the respondent’s action under Rule 23 was not proper. 2) Impact of the decision on future cases Despite the legal accuracy and justification of the Supreme Court decision the decision may have some bad impact so far future cases on the same issue are concerned. The impact may be summed up as follows: I) The court’s decision of reversing the case can harm the enforcement of civil rights and employment discrimination laws. The Supreme Court’s decision of decertifying the Dukes class action may make it hard for other plaintiffs to bri ng class actions depending on the court’s reasoning (Wal Mart v. Dukes 10). II) The fact is that in the instant case the Supreme did not rule on merits of the plaintiffs claims and this may be the reason that Wal Mart may face thousands of individual or multiple-plaintiff lawsuits alleging that a particular manager had discriminated against women (Murray 2). III) It will be difficult for the plaintiffs to obtain class certification in all cases. After the decision on this case, it

Density Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Density - Lab Report Example Moreover, the density of water commonly known as 1.00 g/cm3 or 1.00 g/ml is found empirically to be 0.998 g/ml whereas the density of copper which in theory is approximately 8.94 g/ml turns out 8.5 g/ml in the lab. The apparent slight differences between the actual and theoretical figures may be accounted for by error through inaccurate reading of measurements with the device or tool used. Another source of error (other than human fault) may be attributed to unnoticed defect in apparatus or measuring scale which has not been properly calibrated. Density of solid or liquid materials is an intensive property of matter that is why it does not depend on the quantity of material in reference to being mass per unit volume. Because in class we study significant figures and dimensional analysis which involves units of length, mass, volume, as well as their equivalent conversions in other units, the lab establishes relevance as we work in it to experience and learn how to deal with measurements in real life. We have been able to understand that the method of finding density may be carried out by the task of acquiring measures of mass and volume of a substance which can also be made useful in scientific analysis of other

The ways to reduce crime in the worlds most violent cities Essay Example for Free

The ways to reduce crime in the worlds most violent cities Essay Crime has long been considered to be a serious issue of many countries, both developed and developing, in the contemporary society. In particular, the crime rate increases annually in degree in some sectors worldwide. In this speech, I would like to show my concern about the causes of the problem and the solutions to it. There are subjective as well as objective factors that lead to the escalation of this adverse circumstance. The first and also the principal cause of this problem is poverty, or we can say, economic deprivation. People are often driven to great lengths of desperation by poverty and this is a major cause of crime all around the world. The fact that such frustration is created is in itself a very dangerous thing for society on the whole as global inflation has risen significantly over the last few years. It does seem that in our world today, the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. That is to say, these destitute people do not have enough money to buy food and other necessities. Thus, their last resort to maintain their lives is to rob or steal, which leads to crime. More to the point, violence from mainstream media can also contribute substantially to the increase of crime. There are many films and plays containing violent or sensitive contents, which have a profound influence on the viewers. Some people want to emulate the heroes, as they see them, in the movies without knowing that the behaviour in reality can be seen as illegal in the eyes of the law. Teenagers are especially prone to this kind of factor without the supervision of older adults. There are also many social issues bringing about this unfavorable circumstance. Overpopulation, racism, regionalism, family conditions, and often political power are some factors that lay the foundation of serious crimes. Besides, there are other subjective factors. In other words, the reason for his crime-committing is partially not from the pressure of the society or social illnesses as mentioned above, and really difficult to control. Illustriously, mental disorders are a major cause of crime of this type. Other than depression, people with grave mental disorders also end up committing crimes. Such people should be treated before their tendencies and ailments get out of hand. A person with depression or some other serious mental disorder can also easily cause harm to themselves. Moreover, we have drugs, which are a bane [a cause of trouble], no matter how we look at them. A person addicted to drugs is unable to support their addiction and more often than not they end up in a life of crime to fuel their habits. It is not unknown anywhere in the world that a drug addict ends up committing crimes to raise money for their habits. Besides that, there are also a large number of people that are involved in the drug trade. Though these people may not really be drug-users themselves, they often lure others into drugs and crimes. So, what should we, people in the society, do to help tackle such a problem? Government, I’d like to say, need to come up with some policy that helps narrow the gap between the rich and the poor. Television and film rating system need to be strictly implemented. Parents should thoroughly supervise their children, so as not for them to be stuck into drug-relating problems, and make their children lead the most fulfilled life as possible .

Low Birthweight Piglets Essay -- Food, Pork Industry

Introduction Low birth weight piglets have high mortality and poor growth postnatally. The pork industry has strategies to increase the piglets’ birth weight. Maternal growth hormone treatment with developmental timing and dose difference increased fetal growth in pigs [1-4]. As GH cannot cross the placenta [5], the increase in fetal growth must due to changes in maternal metabolism and/or placental development and function. Placental weight was increased with maternal GH treatment [4]. However, none of the above studies has demonstrated the effect of maternal GH treatment on placental structural development and function in pigs; therefore, this is the gap that will be addressed in this study. Birth Weight Determinants of fetal growth and birth weight in pigs Birth weight is influenced by several factors during pregnancy, such as parity, maternal nutrition, uterine capacity and litter size. Pigs have two parity groups, sows and gilts. Sows are pigs which have given birth at least 3 times before, and gilts, are pigs that had never been pregnant. The low birth weight of the progeny from gilts might be due to first pregnancy. As gilts are growing when they pregnant, so mother and fetus were competing for limited nitrogenous substrates to meet their needs, and leads to low birth weight in fetus *gatford 2009 & Schoknecht 1993. Piglets from dam which has restriction in food intake or specific nutrients during gestation have reduced in birth weight. The progeny of gilts fed with protein-deficient diet (0.5% protein) in early (d 1 to d44) or late (d 82 to term) during gestation have lower birth weight compared to the control (with 13% protein in diet); whereas protein deficient diet throughout pregnancy caused the progeny weigh... ...reased maternal lean meat percentage *rehfeldt 2001. The backfat depth of pGH treated dams in *gatford 2010 was lower than the controls at farrowing and weaning *. This suggested that GH treatment can stimulate lean growth and inhibiting adipose tissue growth in pigs. The gestation length of sows, but not gilts was being shortened by long term GH treatment. Maternal GH treatment would also affect the concentration of maternal circulating metabolites and hormones. There was an increased in amino acids nitrogen and decreased in free fatty acids in maternal circulation by a 2 or 4 mg GH dose treatments from d 25 to d 51(gatford, 2000). Maternal plasma urea concentration was decreased by 28% by GH treatment with a dose ~15ug/kg from days 25 to 50 *gatford 2009. There was a similar finding in another study with maternal GH treatment in underfed gilts *gatford 2000.

Cool Running’s – American Dream

Englisch – Leistungskurs Do you think that â€Å"Cool Running’s† is an example of the idea of the American Dream? Give reasons for your answer! The film â€Å"Cool Running’s† can be regarded as a perfect example of the idea of the American Dream in many ways. When a group of Jamaican athletes founds a bobsled team, on an island, offering neither snow nor any sleds they could practice on, a former bobsled coach finds himself ready to train the team, in order to win the Winter Olympics.Regarding their commitment to obtain their goals, they struggle through everything standing in their way, such as not being supported by their own families, and even being ridiculed by the opponent teams, and the media. The first desperately looking team becomes a well-trained bobsled crew, showing off their skills and now even competing in the Winter Olympics. Their goal to win the Olympics only becomes of second importance, when their coach reveals his past referring to the scandal he is responsible for, by cheating during the past Olympics, followed by him saying: â€Å"If you're not enough without a medal, you'll never be enough with one. During the final day’s race one of the sled’s blades falls off, flipping the sled on its side, when only a few meters are separating the team from the finishing line. However, they lift the sled proudly and walk across the finishing line, while the crowd around them is applauding cheerfully. It seems like society almost forgot the meaning of the American Dream, by putting prosperity on a level with happiness. Many people forget how some can even find happiness without wealth or economic success, but in their personal fulfillment, which in this case was to take part in the Winter Olympics and represent their country.

Competitive sport Essay

1. Write a summary of text 1 â€Å"competitive sport for children at the heart of Olympics legacy† in about 150 words. The text examines the notion and opinion of the current English prime minister regarding the necessity for Parliament to incorporate compulsory initiatives aimed at ensuring that competitive team sports is directly added to the current English primary school curriculum. As argued, David Cameron emphasizes that the government should nurture the development of a competitive sports culture as to adhere to the competitive ethos advanced by the recent London Olympics. The prime minister pointed out that the current period right after the Olympic Games could mark a point of inspiration for young children to play sports more regularly in their free time. Accordingly, a new national PE curriculum draft had been published in the autumn of 2012 that aimed at introducing an academic scheme which would enable sustained pupil physical activity, competence and physique deve lopment and the provision of opportunities for pupil sports engagement. The text also denotes an estimate budget cost of approximately one billion pounds Sterling for a period of five years to be distributed accordingly for the competitive sports initiative. The text concludes in the prime minister emphasising that the Olympic Game can be used as a clear example for competitive sports, as to revitalise and revive the competitive ethos of English schools. 2. Give an outline of the various attitudes to competitive sport in the three texts. The three texts all share a common theme of competitive sports and the revitalisation of physical education and activities as to encourage healthy conditions from the youth of the United Kingdom. Text one pointed out that there is clear positive re-enforcement deriving from both the prime minister and the government to pass legislation aiming to amend the current PE curriculum. Having said that, text 2 attempts to identify that although such reasoning can be deemed optimistically, it is also necessary to establish that sports is not simply a game involving a loser and a winner and that competitive sports and the Olympic games aim to promote the ideologies of ‘be the best you can be’ and that the aim of such physical activities is to send the message of working hard and moving forward. Text two accentuates the necessity to shy away from the ‘competitive’ attitude from governm ent perspective and to emphasize more on achieving a platform of  increased coordination skills for people who struggle with such skills and to promote the legacy of women to perform better in sports altogether. In contrast, however, text three identifies scepticism related to the initiative of incorporating mandatory competitive sports in the new PE curriculum draft. The text argues that competitive sports are in their very nature, elitist and that such activities would aim to identify the winners from the losers. It is also argued that some people would find it more beneficial to refrain from potential harm or physical strain, as well as, embarrassment derived from losing. The author of text three also perceives that the majority of coaches will aim to better the prospects of potential future athletes and this may therefore result in the negligence of less promising pupils, hence creating an immediate division of pupils into groups. This, in itself, would undermine the entire pr ospect and notion of creating a cultural ethos related to increasing physical activity and to better the overall health conditions of pupils all around the UK. Hence, the attitudes from all texts have all identified the pros and cons of such initiatives, in which one must consider as to whether such activities should be left to be voluntary or to be made compulsory. 3. Comment on the following statement from text 3: â€Å"If the alleged health benefits of sports are to be realised, then it needs to be voluntary and enjoyable.† It is of common knowledge to assume that sports can have outstanding results on an individual’s physical form and well being. Doctors and physical practitioners all attempt to entice their patients of the several positive benefits from increased physical activity. Having said that, it is also true, in my opinion, that sports should not solely be aimed at being the winner of a game, but rather an opportunity to enjoy the riveting activities that also aims in establishing and developing key future skills such as discipline, teamwork and aiding those who are less physically or mentally inept to accomplish a common goal. The statement acknowledges my opinion in which sports should not be of a compulsory nature as to be impeding on the factor of enjoying and fun, which in my personal perspective is the more primar y aim of sports. In conclusion, the statement simply emphasises the necessity to concentrate not simply on making competitive sports compulsory in primary school, but to leave in the hands of the youth to voluntarily enjoy and join in such activities. 4 Because of new rules, the local school has to introduce competitive sport from the age of seven. Write an article (150-200 words) for the school magazine in which you discuss the positive and negative consequences of this decision. According to recent news, our local school will be promptly introducing a new rule, making it compulsory to play competitive sports from the age of seven. Although many scientists and physical experts share the common opinion that such a move would incur an immediate reduction in the onset obesity of the United Kingdom, as well as, the possibility of the development a cultural ethos in which individuals are more conscious involving their health and physical ability, I aim to identify otherwise. Even though I may agree with what most of us have been taught in PE and biology class involving the aims of physical activity in ensuring a better life style altogether, I feel a bit sceptic. In sports, the outcome always acknowledges a winner and a loser, and per sonally I prefer not to be titled a loser; competitive sports are not for everyone, so to speak. Making such activities compulsory would not only garnish a new wave of winning attitudes but also, as a bi-product, develop a group of ‘losers’ whose only aim is to find a way to survive or get through a physically demanding competitive sports. There is also the onset likelihood of risk to your physical well being. In conclusion, there are both pros and cons for such a rule to be imposed and that, in my opinion, it should be something which the students and parents also have a say in.

Money and Power in Gatsby essays

Money and Power in Gatsby essays Donald E. Hall, author of Literary and Cultural Theory, comments on, The Freudian construction of women as castrated, inferior versions of men. He writes The penis, which is considered the marker of ultimate value, [is] one the girl lacks and the possession of which she will envy (104-7). In other words, females are not truly envious of the penis, but the power that the penis symbolizes. Upon first reading The Great Gatsby, the reader may think the text is about the Marxist view of how different social classes strive to reach the American Dream. However, the reader will determine the novel is really about Jordan Baker and Daisy Buchanans deficiencies and their lack of power in society. By applying a psychoanalytic analysis, the reader will see how Fitzgerald uses different levels of power between the men and women characters, and how women are willing to cheat and lie to compensate for not having the power or abilities of a man to secure their spot among the aristocracy class. Although Fitzgerald introduces Jordan Baker as a minor character, he uses her character to show the struggle for existence many women have in a mans world. Jordan is a beautiful pro golfer, trying to establish herself in a historically male sport that is hardening her by the tours competition. Her biggest characteristic in the novel is what the narrator describes as being incurably dishonest (58). Fitzgerald writes, At her first big golf tournament there was a row that nearly reached the newspapers a suggestion that she had moved her ball from a bad lie in the semifinal round. The thing approached the proportions of a scandal-then died away (58). By pointing out her cheating, Fitzgerald proves that Jordan is willing to do anything not only to win, but to establish power even if it means cheating and lying. Like to Jordan, Daisy Buchanan is another powerless character who vie...

Fake Blood With Knife Chemistry Trick

Fake Blood With Knife Chemistry Trick Heres a cool chemistry trick, perfect for Halloween! Trace a knife over your skin and leave a message that appears to be written in blood. The project works equally well with a spoon  but somehow loses impact. Try it... Bleeding Knife Materials You only need a few materials for this project, however, youll either need access to a lab for the chemicals or else you can order them online. Dull knife (we dont need real blood here)5 grams ferric chloride5 grams potassium thiocyanateWater Prepare the Magic Solutions Prepare saturated solutions. Youll know the solutions are saturated if no additional solid will dissolve in the liquid. Mix a few milliliters of water with the ferric chloride to dissolve it.Separately, mix a few milliliters of water with the potassium thiocyanate to dissolve it. Perform the Trick Coat the area of skin to be bloodied or written on with the potassium thiocyanate solution. Youll get the best effect (dripping blood) if the skin remains damp, but the color appears just fine even if you let the area dry.Dip the knife blade in the ferric chloride solution.Draw on your skin with the dampened knife blade. A deep red liquid resembling blood will appear where the two solutions mix. How It Works This chemistry trick is one form of a sensitive test for the ferric ion. A red color is produced by the reaction between the ferric ion and the thiocyanate ion. Bleeding Knife Clean-Up and Safety When youre done, rinse the blade and your skin under running water to remove the chemicals. The demonstration is safe to perform, but restrict the project to your arm or hand and avoid eyes, nose or mouth to avoid ingestion of the chemicals or irritation of mucous membranes. More Halloween Chemistry Apply chemistry for more Halloween fun. You can make a glow-in-the-dark jack-o-lantern, slime that looks like ghostly ectoplasm, or a mad scientist Halloween costume.

REAL ESTATE AND THE ECONOMY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

REAL ESTATE AND THE ECONOMY - Essay Example The paper, however, discusses it in the U.S. context and explains that how it influence the economy. Real Estate and its Impact on U.S. Economy Real estate market’s strength or weakness has huge influences on U.S. economy. It was hard to admit that financial system was broken after the collapse of real estate bubble. Development in real estate is closely linked with the U.S. economy and its role cannot be ignored in our future progress (Babigian, 2011).U.S. real estate market is divided into commercial and residential real estate. Real estate constitutes several important aspects of economic activity. It has direct and indirect impact on the level and composition of real gross domestic product (GDP).In addition to new construction, real estate is a lasting asset which holds crucial balance sheet effects. For instance, lasting increase in household net worth that originates from rising real house prices suppose to trigger household spending on goods and services. There is a gen eral agreement on the effect of wealth on household behavior; however, its magnitude is somewhat less agreed upon (Missouri, 2007, p.1).According to Missouri (2007): Currently residential fixed investment comprises a little less than 5 percent of GDP. There are myriad of direct and indirect effects associated with real estate that spill over into the other aspects of economy, such as the demand for lumber, labor and other commodities used in the construction of structures or in remodeling activity.(p.1) There is fairly large nonresidential component in the U.S. real estate economy. Determinants of new construction in this sector are comparatively different because commercial or industrial structure is established asset and business will only invest in it if rate of return is at least comparable to its opportunity cost (Missouri, 2007, p.1).Real estate industry contributed over $1,472 billion to U.S. GDP in 2005 that amounts to 11.9 percent of total GDP. The value added from real est ate, leasing, and rental practices increased to over $1,731 billion (13.2 percent) of total GDP in 2006(Anari,2008,p.2).According to Anari (2008), â€Å"In 2006, Texas’ real estate industry was the second most important private industry after manufacturing. The industry’s contribution to the state’s GDP in 2005 was more than $79 billion†¦ [that amounts to] 8 percent of the Texas GDP† (p.2). Real GDP is the most extensive measure of goods and services produced in country in a particular time period. Among the major components of GDP, structure shared approximately 10 percent for last 25 years. In addition, other goods and services are associated with structure, such as furniture, utilities, and roads. Generally, residential expenditures are larger than that of nonresidential structures. In 2007, residential fixed investment constituted approximately 30 percent of the total private fixed investment while nonresidential structures constituted 20 percent . Residential fixed investment rise from 2000 to 2006 is considered to be quite unusual (Missouri, 2007, pp.2-5).In 2007, According to Missouri (2007): †¦ Construction spending has totaled a bit less than $1.2 trillion at a seasonally adjusted annual rate, with private construction outlays comprising a little more than three-quarters of the total and public construction outlays the remaining one quarter. (p.5) There has been a reasonable upward shift

Law Of The Workplace Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Law Of The Workplace - Case Study Example t and should therefore be viewed as such. To this end, Dillon L.J was quoted as saying: I have no hesitation in concluding that the relationship between a church and a minister of religion is not apt, in the absence of clear indications of a contrary intention in the document, to be regulated by a contract of service. I do not doubt that there probably are binding contracts between the Methodist Church and its ministers in relation to some ancillary matters, such as the compulsory superannuation scheme and the obligation, of which Mr. Parfitt told us, on trainees to repay a proportion of the expense of their training if they do not remain in the ministry for at least 10 years. These however are no part of the contract of service, either on reception into full connection or on appointment to a circuit, which Mr. Parfitt seeks to set up. Page 183H. It is therefore in the light of the foregoing that the central focus of this paper is to conduct an exhaustive analysis of all the contending issues that have risen with the dawn of this case. The paper will be using theological and legal references to buttress points where they are essentially relevant for serving the purpose of the thematic framework of the essay. It should also be noted that whilst, the essay is cautious not to engage in too many technicalities that are perhaps beyond the scope of this essay, much of the theological and legal references will be made intermittently and in some instances it will be done concurrently in order to reduce verbosity and enhance simplicity for the comfort of the reader. According to the Employment Relations Act 1999 section 23, the government of the United Kingdom has being bestowed the power of employment and its rights to people and institutions who are not defined within the conventional group of employees. This category includes among others, office holders such as the clergy and ministers of religion, casual workers, agency workers, homeworkers and what have you. By this Act, it is not intended that an entirely new strand of labour force was being introduced. On the contrary, the thrust of this Act stipulates that this category of workers should be given the privilege of being a part of the rights mainstream employees enjoy. The Archbishops' Council of the Church of England gave a laudable contribution to a 2002 discussion document under the auspices of the Department for Trade & Industry concerning Employment Status that concerns Statutory Employment Rights. The Council said "the clergy are entitled to terms and conditions of service which adequately protect their rights, recognize their responsibilities and provide proper accountability arrangements." In the light of this a number of observers argued that some clergy men had an additional

Project Management of Suvarnabhumi airport ( Thailand) Coursework

Project Management of Suvarnabhumi airport ( Thailand) - Coursework Example So, the proposal elaborates the project plan and objective, which is to form a clear idea of the different activities involved. The risks that are encountered in the project are also evaluated in the proposal. The stakeholders are concerned regarding success of project and have certain expectations out of the same. The expectations of stakeholders are also examined with the ultimate result of the project. The impact of the project on the operation, local communities and environment is also highlighted in the following sections of the proposal. Suvarnabhumi Airport, also known as Bangkok International Airport, is regarded as the most populous airport in Thailand. The project of constructing this airport in Thailand was scheduled to end by late 2005; but, the airport was opened on September, 2006 (Kable, 2014). It is now the hub for numerous fairways and serves as a connecting point and regional gateway for the foreign carriers. The project can be evaluated by using the renowned framework, Iron Triangle. Iron Triangle elaborates that every project has its own constraints like, quality, time and cost goal. The airport project had these three constraints too. Stakeholders of the project had expected quality of the airport services and infrastructure to be apt as per their needs and satisfaction. This was hard to maintain, but the project had overcome these shortcomings and had created one of the busiest airport in the world (Chaichalearmmongkol, 2014). The inauguration of the airport was scheduled in the late 2005; but due to huge budget over run, it was postponed to September 2006 (Airports of Thailand Public Co., Ltd, 2014). Thus, the project had to encounter the cost constraint. The project was not completed within the scheduled time because of the budget over run since the time constraint was not followed. On evaluating the project with the help of Iron Triangle framework, it is observed that if the time constraint was followed, then

Conflict Resolution Essay Example for Free

Conflict Resolution Essay As a manager, I think the best strategy for relaying the company’s decision to downsize would be by oral communication having a formal meeting with the whole team. I believe this is the best method because it keeps morale up and structure within the business. The team will appreciate honesty, and while they still have some concerns, they feel confident that you have their backs – even if things do not work out. (Breaking the News). The lines of communications between upper management and employees become open so each part has time to explain their side and also answer any questions. In a managerial position, it is difficult to explain to employees that the company is thinking about downsizing. In reference to the story #2 Breaking the News A â€Å"Tell Your Team About Downsizing† Adventure the company told management that downsizing was going to happen across the business affecting 100 employees. Employees affected by the downsizing are most of the sandwich development department and brine recycling traditional print marketing department. The online marketing teams will not be affected , and no more downsizing will occur the rest of the year. Management should hold a face to face meeting with all employees. The best way to handle gossip is by avoiding small talk, management should clearly explain the current situation without being too dramatic and be prepared to answer questions. Avoid beating around the bush. It is extremely important to explain details to all employee. Work place gossip can cause a great deal of harm to an organization. There are several ways in which gossip can hurt a business. The ways are listed as follows: Lost productivity and wasted time, morale and trust can no longer exist, increased anxiety among employees as rumors circulate without any clear information as to what is fact and what is not, divisiveness tends to grow among employees as people may take a side, and employees feelings and reputations are hurt, sometimes causing severe damage. Address the online marketing team who will not be affected by the downsizing by hold a face to face oral meeting as well. Management that the company is trying to make the business more efficient as we become more profitable and that is why the downsizing is occurring. Be up front and  honest letting the team know that they are not being affected. This approach reassures to the team that management has their back and really cares about them. It also calms office rumors and puts everyone on the â€Å"same page†. A personal work experience similar to the scenario in Story #2 Breaking the News A â€Å"Tell Your Team About Downsizing† Adventure would be when I sold cars for a small family owned car lot in Houston who laid me off without notice. I had been hearing rumors that the company was not making a lot of money, but I brushed it to the side. My sales team received our pay checks for the week and went to our respective banks and found out they were all declined. I went back to the car lot to tell the owner that all the payroll checks were declined , and he said, â€Å"We should go to hi s bank to cash them†. Two weeks later we were all laid off , and the car lot was eventually closed. If I were the owner of the car dealership I would have been up front and honest with the employees letting them know that the business was just opening , and that decisions were being made to build profit and sell cars. I believe the owner had an opportunity when the payroll checks were declined to tell his employees details of the business.

The History of Modern Women and Body Art Essay -- Art Tattoos Arts Ess

The History of Modern Women and Body Art I chose to do this field report on body art because I, personally, find the topic very complex and interesting. It is for this reason that I decided to narrow the scope of my field research. I am focusing this report on the trends and evolution in body art as relating to modern women. When I say modern women I am referring to the women from about the 18th century to the current day. I chose to focus on women imparticular because of the strong societal pressure that is specifically place upon them to fulfill a certain role and aesthetically look a particular way. I wanted to research the history of body art and how it related to these pressures and stigmas. In my research I found everything from information on tattooing practices to body modification through clothing. As De Mello noted in her book, Bodies of Inscription, "Contemporary tattooing has evolved from a practice that was originally imported from the islands of Polynesia and later transformed into a form of working-class folk art" (p10). The credit should be duly given to the original tattoo artists of Polynesia, but the art form also existed in North America within Native Tribes. James Swan sights a specific tribe known as the Haida who practiced the cultural tradition of tattooing (Gilbert, 94-5). Both women and men were tattooed, but as common in many cases, the markings were different for each. The women more commonly had tattoos on their hands and forearms. Most had tattoos also on their breast and legs below the knee. These markings are very culturally significant. They allow the tribe identification on the basis of the design which tells the family name of the wearer (Gilbert, 94-5). The popularization of tattooin... ... to be. I was looking for more information that gave details on societal views and how that influenced women in particular in the way they modified their bodies. I did find a wide variety of ways in which women modified their bodies, but perhaps not as many specifics about the society and their reaction to that particular method of adornment. I think I could've probably found much more detailed sources had a looked hard enough for them. In the future I will try to find more detailed information on a variety of subtopics within a main topic to better guide my research. Works Cited Brain, Robert. 1979. The Decorated Body. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc. De Mello, Margo. 2000. Bodies of Inscription: A cultural history of the modern tattoo community. Durham: Duke University Press. Gilbert, Steve. 2000. Tattoo History. New York: Juno Books.

Bring Back Flogging †Essay Essay

In the essay â€Å"Bring Back Flogging,† the author Jeff Jacoby discusses the flaws of imprisonment, today’s punishment for criminals. Published in the Boston Globe in 1997, the essay’s purpose was not only to address the problems of locking up criminals, but also to suggest a hypothetical solution or alternative to a prison sentence. In order to completely understand Jacoby’s essay, â€Å"Bringing Back Flogging,† it is essential to analyze his thesis, purpose, methods or strategies, and persona beforehand Jacoby’s thesis is implied rather that explicit. He uses examples throughout his essay to imply that adopting the punishment Puritans used almost four-hundred years ago, flogging; meaning, being whipped or beaten, would be cheaper and more effective that putting criminals behind bars. â€Å"A humiliating and painful paddling can be applied to the rear..for a lot less than $30,000 [the price it costs per inmate each year] and prove a lot more than ten years’ worth of prison meals and lockdowns,† is one of the examples Jacoby uses to support his implied thesis. He also states in his very last paragraph, â€Å"Maybe we should Adopt a few,† referring to the humiliating sanctions the Puritans has back in the 1600’s. Jacoby introduces a theoretical solution for an alternative punishment for criminals as the purpose of this essay. He hopes to provoke question amongst his readers as to whether being whipped in public is more degrading then being caged. Jacoby is forcing his audience, the general public, to consider his idea of bringing back flogging as a reformed punishment for some of the thousands of criminals. He does recognize that there is a difference in the crimes that are being committed, violent and non-violent, meaning there is a need for more than one type of punishment. Jacoby uses several methods in his writing to help support his thesis. first, he uses historical facts. in his introduction he descriptively describes the different punishment cases in Boston during the 1600’s to give the reader an idea of what was going on four-hundred years ago. In one case he tells of how a man accused of adultery was’†¦sentenced to twenty-five lashes† and later the word â€Å"adultery†burned in all capitals into his chest in plain view of the public for means not only to hurt this man, but to humiliate him.  Statements similar to this are made to catch the reader’s attention as Jacoby certainly accomplished in the first paragraph of his essay. Jacoby utilizes such vivid cases for a reference to the reader of what the punishments were like in the 1600’s,a time period relevant to his solution Another method Jacoby uses in his essay is statistics. These statistics reveal fallacies in the U.S . criminal justice systems. â€Å"Fifty-eight percent of all murders do not result in a prison term.† He also includes the estimated cost of each inmate per year, which is thirty thousand dollars. These statistics are appropriate in that they help support Jacoby’s idea that imprisonment should not be an all purpose punishment including violent and non-violent crimes in â€Å"Bring Back Flogging,† Jacoby takes a serious stance towards his audience. He first presents historical facts, then follows with statistics in an easily understood manner. As the essay progresses he begins to ridicule on the U.S court systems. Jacoby points out the many fallacies in the way criminals are punished here in the United States. He uses examples and statistics to validate his argument. Overall, Jacoby takes an affective approach to grab the readers attention by making them think, question and feel. Jacoby’s point is a strong, his essay isn’t about reinstating flogging, but more so a closer look at the prison system and the injustices behind it, and suggesting a strong and drastic change is necessary.

Brief History of Radio Broadcasting Essay

According to an online article that was written by Gearbox (2011), the radio has become one of our most simple forms of broadcasting and communication. From helping connect soldiers on the front line of battle to entertaining the commuter on their ride to work, the radio is a part of everyday life. The article gives a brief history of radio broadcasting, in addition to how the low cost and simplicity of technology has become very easy to tune in to your favorite station, even though it was not always that way. The article mentioned that it began in 1887 when a man named Heinrich Hertz discovered radio waves and their ability to transmit code wirelessly. Hertz’s research was followed up by Reginald Fessenden who created the first continuous wave generator, which was inspired by the action of skipping stones across water. The article went on to talk about the dawn of commercial radio and how the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) was established bringing about innovations in high powered radio. he article stated that Frank Conrad an engineer for Westinghouse was the first to begin broadcasting, which he did out of his garage, where he began broadcasting sports, news, and music while at the same time giving â€Å"free advertising† spots to people. The article gave a brief description of how Sears Department stores begin to buy into the new technology selling approximately 17 million units between 1925 and 1930 which gave radio the title of â€Å"mass media†. The article went into more detail about how large audience radio stations began selling on-air advertising time helping to generate 27 million dollars a year in 1937. The article further spoke about the first major network that began broadcasting was NBC (1926) and soon after CBS was started as competition. The article then elaborated on how these stations began to hire big names like Jack Benny, George Burns, and Ed Wynn to do on air shows. The article also stated that the popularity of radio interference started to become a problem, resulting in licenses issued by the government, which was later defined as AM radio, standardized channels, and eradicated portable stations. The article mentioned that during the depression in 1930, spending on radio tripled and the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) was developed to regulate foreign commerce communication by radio.